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Int J Med Sci 2021; 18(12):2630-2640. doi:10.7150/ijms.57987 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Association between Coronary Artery Spasm and the risk of incident Diabetes: A Nationwide population-based Cohort Study

Ming-Jui Hung, MD, PhD^1*, Nen-Chung Chang, MD, PhD^2,3,4*, Patrick Hu, MD, PhD^5,6, Tien-Hsing Chen, MD¹, Chun-Tai Mao, MD¹, Chi-Tai Yeh, PhD^7,8, Ming-Yow Hung, MD, PhD^3,4,9✉

1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung City, Taiwan.
2. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
3. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
4. Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
5. University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.
6. Department of Cardiology, Riverside Medical Clinic, Riverside, California, USA.
7. Department of Medical Research and Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
8. Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan.
9. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
*Co-first authors.

✉ Corresponding author: Ming-Yow Hung, MD, PhD. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 2 22490088; Fax: +886 2 82622010; E-mail: myhung6hinet.net. More

Abstract

Background: Non-diabetic coronary artery spasm (CAS) without obstructive coronary artery disease increases insulin resistance. We investigated the risk of incident type 2 diabetes (diabetes) associated with CAS.

Methods: Patient records were retrospectively collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database during the period 2000-2012. The matched cohorts consisted of 12,413 patients with CAS and 94,721 patients in the control group.

Results: During the entire follow-up, the incidence of newly-diagnosed diabetes was 22.2 events per 1000 person-years in the CAS group and 13.9 events per 1000 person-years in the control group. The increased risk of CAS-related incident diabetes was observed regardless of sex and length of follow-up. The median time to incident diabetes was 2.9 and 3.5 years in the CAS and the control group (P <0.001), respectively, regardless of sex. Although age did not affect the risk of CAS-related incident diabetes, the risk was less apparent in the subgroups of male, dyslipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, gout and medicated hypertension. However, CAS patients aged <50 years compared with patients ≥50 years had a greater risk of incident diabetes in females but not in males. Older CAS patients developed diabetes in a shorter length of time than younger patients.

Conclusion: CAS is a risk factor for incident diabetes regardless of sex. However, females aged <50 years have a more apparent risk for CAS-related diabetes than old females, which is not observed in males. The median time of 2.9 years to incident diabetes warrants close follow-up.

Keywords: coronary artery spasm, insulin resistance, risk factors, sex difference, type 2 diabetes

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