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Int J Med Sci 2019; 16(4):501-506. doi:10.7150/ijms.31153 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Intrauterine Fetal and Neonatal Death between Small for Date and Non-Small for Date in Small for Gestational Age Infants

Toshiya Itoh^1✉, Yoshio Matsuda^2✉, Hiroaki Itoh¹, Masaki Ogawa³, Kemal Sasaki⁴, Naohiro Kanayama¹

1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu city, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japan Community Health care Organization (JCHO) Mishima General Hospital, 2276 Yata Aza Fujikubo, Mishima city, Shizuoka 411-0801, Japan
3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
4. Department of Food and Health Sciences, Jissen Women's University, 4-4-1 Osakaue, Hino city, Tokyo 191-8510, Japan

✉ Corresponding author: Toshiya Itoh, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu city, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan. Tel: +81-53-435-2309; FAX: +81-53-435-2308; e-mail: toshitoucom and Yoshio Matsuda, MD, PhD, Director, Japan Community Health care Organization (JCHO) Mishima General Hospital, 2276 Yata Aza Fujikubo, Mishima- City, Shizuoka 411-0801, Japan. Tel: +81-55-975-3031 (ext. 2843); Fax: +81-55-973-3647; E-mail: yoshiom2979com More

Abstract

Objective: To demonstrate the differences in intrauterine fetal deaths and neonatal deaths between small for date (SFD) and Non-SFD neonates by applying a novel classification from both Z scores of placental weight (PW) and fetal/placental weight ratio (F/P) to small for gestational age (SGA) neonates.

Methods: From 93,034 placentas/infants of mothers who vaginally delivered a singleton infant (Japan Perinatal Registry Network database 2013), SGA (n=7,780) was chosen according to the reference to Japanese neonatal growth chart. They were divided into two subgroups: SFD (body weight and height less than the 10^th percentile, n=3,379) and Non-SFD (only body weight less than the 10^th percentile, n=4,401). Z scores of PW and F/P based on the standard curves for sex-, parity-, and gestational-age-specific PW and F/P were calculated. The population was classified into 9 groups according to the combination of 'low vs. middle vs. high' i) PW Z score and ii) F/P Z score. In both i) and ii), ± 1.28 standard deviations in the Z scores were used for classifying low vs. middle vs. high, with 3×3 making 9 groups. From top-left to bottom-right, we labeled the groups as Group A to Group I.

Results: SFD and Non-SFD neonates distributed in the same 6 groups (A, D, E, G, H, I). In group E, which was considered to be balanced placental and infant growth, the incidence of intrauterine fetal death was significantly higher in Non-SFD neonates than in SFD neonates. In group D, which was considered to be small placenta and balanced infant growth, the incidence of neonatal death was significantly higher in SFD neonates than in Non-SFD neonates.

Conclusion: Assessment of SGA neonates by dividing them into SFD and Non-SFD neonates and application of a 9-group classification by PW and F/P Z scores were informative to understand the pathophysiological involvement of an imbalance between placental and fetal sizes.

Keywords: small for gestational age, small for date, fetal/placental weight ratio, placenta, intrauterine fetal death, neonatal death

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