Int J Med Sci 2014; 11(4):373-380. doi:10.7150/ijms.7802 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Endothelin-1 Promotes Cardiomyocyte Terminal Differentiation in the Developing Heart via Heightened DNA Methylation

Alexandra Paradis1, Daliao Xiao1, Jianjun Zhou1,2, Lubo Zhang1✉

1. Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China

Citation:
Paradis A, Xiao D, Zhou J, Zhang L. Endothelin-1 Promotes Cardiomyocyte Terminal Differentiation in the Developing Heart via Heightened DNA Methylation. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11(4):373-380. doi:10.7150/ijms.7802. https://www.medsci.org/v11p0373.htm
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Abstract

Aims: Hypoxia is a major stress on fetal development and leads to induction of endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression. We tested the hypothesis that ET-1 stimulates the terminal differentiation of cardiomyocytes from mononucleate to binucleate in the developing heart.

Methods and results: Hypoxia (10.5% O2) treatment of pregnant rats from day 15 to day 21 resulted in a significant increase in prepro-ET-1 mRNA expression in fetal hearts. ET-1 ex vivo treatment of fetal rat cardiomyocytes increased percent binucleate cells and decreased Ki-67 expression, a marker for proliferation, under both control and hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia alone decreased Ki-67 expression and in conjunction with ET-1 treatment decreased cardiomyocyte size. PD145065, a non-selective ET-receptor antagonist, blocked the changes in binucleation and proliferation caused by ET-1. DNA methylation in fetal cardiomyocytes was significantly increased with ET-1 treatment, which was blocked by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a DNA methylation inhibitor. In addition, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment abrogated the increase in binucleation and decrease in proliferation induced by ET-1.

Conclusions: Hypoxic stress and synthesis of ET-1 increases DNA methylation and promotes terminal differentiation of cardiomyocytes in the developing heart. This premature exit of the cell cycle may lead to a reduced cardiomyocyte endowment in the heart and have a negative impact on cardiac function.

Keywords: Endothelin-1, Hypoxia, Heart, Fetal development, Epigenetic


Citation styles

APA
Paradis, A., Xiao, D., Zhou, J., Zhang, L. (2014). Endothelin-1 Promotes Cardiomyocyte Terminal Differentiation in the Developing Heart via Heightened DNA Methylation. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 11(4), 373-380. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.7802.

ACS
Paradis, A.; Xiao, D.; Zhou, J.; Zhang, L. Endothelin-1 Promotes Cardiomyocyte Terminal Differentiation in the Developing Heart via Heightened DNA Methylation. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2014, 11 (4), 373-380. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.7802.

NLM
Paradis A, Xiao D, Zhou J, Zhang L. Endothelin-1 Promotes Cardiomyocyte Terminal Differentiation in the Developing Heart via Heightened DNA Methylation. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11(4):373-380. doi:10.7150/ijms.7802. https://www.medsci.org/v11p0373.htm

CSE
Paradis A, Xiao D, Zhou J, Zhang L. 2014. Endothelin-1 Promotes Cardiomyocyte Terminal Differentiation in the Developing Heart via Heightened DNA Methylation. Int J Med Sci. 11(4):373-380.

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