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Int J Med Sci 2024; 21(7):1366-1377. doi:10.7150/ijms.94578 This issue Cite
Review
The Potential Mechanisms of Arrhythmia in Coronavirus disease-2019
1. Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
2. Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
3. Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
4. Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
# These authors contributed to the work equally.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which can cause severe cardiovascular complications including myocardial injury, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome and others. Among these complications, arrhythmias are considered serious and life-threatening. Although arrhythmias have been associated with factors such as direct virus invasion leading to myocardial injury, myocarditis, immune response disorder, cytokine storms, myocardial ischemia/hypoxia, electrolyte abnormalities, intravascular volume imbalances, drug interactions, side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and autonomic nervous system dysfunction, the exact mechanisms of arrhythmic complications in patients with COVID-19 are complex and not well understood. In the present review, the literature was extensively searched to investigate the potential mechanisms of arrhythmias in patients with COVID-19. The aim of the current review is to provide clinicians with a comprehensive foundation for the prevention and treatment of arrhythmias associated with long COVID-19.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Arrhythmia, Cytokine storm