Int J Med Sci 2018; 15(9):929-936. doi:10.7150/ijms.26410 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Anti-inflammation and Anti-Cancer Activity of Ethanol Extract of Antarctic Freshwater Microalga, Micractinium sp.

Sung-Suk Suh1✉, Ju-Mi Hong2✉, Eun Jae Kim2,4, Seung Won Jung3, Sun-Mi Kim2, Jung Eun Kim2,4, Il-Chan Kim2,4, Sanghee Kim2,4

1. Department of Bioscience, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
2. Department of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
3. South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 656-830, Republic of Korea
4. Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea

Citation:
Suh SS, Hong JM, Kim EJ, Jung SW, Kim SM, Kim JE, Kim IC, Kim S. Anti-inflammation and Anti-Cancer Activity of Ethanol Extract of Antarctic Freshwater Microalga, Micractinium sp.. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15(9):929-936. doi:10.7150/ijms.26410. https://www.medsci.org/v15p0929.htm
Other styles

File import instruction

Abstract

Inflammation mediated by the innate immune system is an organism's protective mechanism against infectious environmental risk factors. It is also a driver of the pathogeneses of various human diseases, including cancer development and progression. Microalgae are increasingly being focused on as sources of bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential against various diseases. Furthermore, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer potentials of microalgae and their secondary metabolites have been widely reported. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of the ethanol extract of the Antarctic freshwater microalga Micractinium sp. (ETMI) by several in vitro assays using RAW 264.7 macrophages and HCT116 human colon cancer cells. ETMI exerted its anti-inflammatory activity by modulating the main inflammatory indicators such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nitric oxide (NO) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ETMI exerted cytotoxic activity against HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner, leading to significantly reduced cancer cell proliferation. Further, it induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase through the regulation of hallmark genes of the G1/S phase transition, including CDKN1A, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6, respectively). At the transcriptional level, the expression of CDKN1A gradually increased in response to ETMI treatment while that of CDK4 and CDK6 decreased. Taken together, our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of the Antarctic freshwater microalga, Micractinium sp., and ETMI may provide a new clue for understanding the molecular link between inflammation and cancer and that ETMI may be a potential anticancer agent for targeted therapy of colorectal cancer.

Keywords: Inflammation, cancer, Micractinium sp., proinflammatory cytokines, HCT116


Citation styles

APA
Suh, S.S., Hong, J.M., Kim, E.J., Jung, S.W., Kim, S.M., Kim, J.E., Kim, I.C., Kim, S. (2018). Anti-inflammation and Anti-Cancer Activity of Ethanol Extract of Antarctic Freshwater Microalga, Micractinium sp.. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 15(9), 929-936. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.26410.

ACS
Suh, S.S.; Hong, J.M.; Kim, E.J.; Jung, S.W.; Kim, S.M.; Kim, J.E.; Kim, I.C.; Kim, S. Anti-inflammation and Anti-Cancer Activity of Ethanol Extract of Antarctic Freshwater Microalga, Micractinium sp.. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2018, 15 (9), 929-936. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.26410.

NLM
Suh SS, Hong JM, Kim EJ, Jung SW, Kim SM, Kim JE, Kim IC, Kim S. Anti-inflammation and Anti-Cancer Activity of Ethanol Extract of Antarctic Freshwater Microalga, Micractinium sp.. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15(9):929-936. doi:10.7150/ijms.26410. https://www.medsci.org/v15p0929.htm

CSE
Suh SS, Hong JM, Kim EJ, Jung SW, Kim SM, Kim JE, Kim IC, Kim S. 2018. Anti-inflammation and Anti-Cancer Activity of Ethanol Extract of Antarctic Freshwater Microalga, Micractinium sp.. Int J Med Sci. 15(9):929-936.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.
Popup Image