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Int J Med Sci 2017; 14(13):1327-1334. doi:10.7150/ijms.21022 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Combined Hemorrhagic Shock and Unilateral Common Carotid Occlusion Induces Neurological Injury in Adult Male Rats

Chung-Ching Chio1, Chien-Chin Hsu2, 3, Yu-Feng Tian4, 5, Chung-Han Wang6, Mao-Tsun Lin6, Ching-Ping Chang2, 6, 7, Hung-Jung Lin2, 3✉

1. Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
2. Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
3. Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
4. Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
5. Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan;
6. Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
7. The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.

✉ Corresponding author: Hung-Jung Lin, MD., Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan Mailing address: No.901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan 710, Taiwan Phone: +886-6-2812811, ext. 52657; Fax: +886-6-2832639; More

Citation:
Chio CC, Hsu CC, Tian YF, Wang CH, Lin MT, Chang CP, Lin HJ. Combined Hemorrhagic Shock and Unilateral Common Carotid Occlusion Induces Neurological Injury in Adult Male Rats. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14(13):1327-1334. doi:10.7150/ijms.21022. https://www.medsci.org/v14p1327.htm
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Abstract

Background: Clinical assessment reveals that patients after surgery of cardiopulmonary bypass or coronary bypass experience postoperative cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate whether resuscitation after a hemorrhagic shock (HS) and/or mild cerebral ischemia caused by a unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO) can cause brain injury and concomitant neurological dysfunction, and explore the potential mechanisms.

Methods: Blood withdrawal (6 mL/100 g body weight) for 60 min through the right jugular vein catheter-induced an HS. Immediately after the termination of HS, we reinfused the initially shed blood volumes to restore and maintain the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) to the original value during the 30-min resuscitation. A cooling water blanket used to induce whole body cooling for 30 min after the end of resuscitation.

Results: An UCCAO caused a slight cerebral ischemia (cerebral blood flow [CBF] 70%) without hypotension (MABP 85 mmHg), systemic inflammation, multiple organs injuries, or neurological injury. An HS caused a moderate cerebral ischemia (52% of the original CBF levels), a moderate hypotension (MABP downed to 22 mmHg), systemic inflammation, and peripheral organs injuries. However, combined an UCCAO and an HS caused a severe cerebral ischemia (18% of the original CBF levels), a moderate hypotension (MABP downed to 17 mmHg), systemic inflammation, peripheral organs damage, and neurological injury, which can be attenuated by whole body cooling.

Conclusions: When combined with an HS, an UCCAO is associated with ischemic neuronal injury in the ipsilateral hemisphere of adult rat brain, which can be attenuated by therapeutic hypothermia. A resuscitation from an HS regards as a reperfusion insult which may induce neurological injury in patients with an UCCAO disease.

Keywords: hemorrhagic shock, multiple organ injuries, ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypothermia, cerebral blood flow.

Citation styles

APA
Chio, C.C., Hsu, C.C., Tian, Y.F., Wang, C.H., Lin, M.T., Chang, C.P., Lin, H.J. (2017). Combined Hemorrhagic Shock and Unilateral Common Carotid Occlusion Induces Neurological Injury in Adult Male Rats. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 14(13), 1327-1334. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.21022.

ACS
Chio, C.C.; Hsu, C.C.; Tian, Y.F.; Wang, C.H.; Lin, M.T.; Chang, C.P.; Lin, H.J. Combined Hemorrhagic Shock and Unilateral Common Carotid Occlusion Induces Neurological Injury in Adult Male Rats. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2017, 14 (13), 1327-1334. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.21022.

NLM
Chio CC, Hsu CC, Tian YF, Wang CH, Lin MT, Chang CP, Lin HJ. Combined Hemorrhagic Shock and Unilateral Common Carotid Occlusion Induces Neurological Injury in Adult Male Rats. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14(13):1327-1334. doi:10.7150/ijms.21022. https://www.medsci.org/v14p1327.htm

CSE
Chio CC, Hsu CC, Tian YF, Wang CH, Lin MT, Chang CP, Lin HJ. 2017. Combined Hemorrhagic Shock and Unilateral Common Carotid Occlusion Induces Neurological Injury in Adult Male Rats. Int J Med Sci. 14(13):1327-1334.

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