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Int J Med Sci 2016; 13(1):8-18. doi:10.7150/ijms.13333 This issue Cite

Research Paper

The Prodomain-Containing BMP9 Produced from a Stable Line Effectively Regulates the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Ruifang Li^1,2, Zhengjian Yan^2,3, Jixing Ye^2,4, He Huang⁵, Zhongliang Wang^2,3, Qiang Wei^2,3, Jing Wang^2,3, Lianggong Zhao^2,6, Shun Lu^2,7, Xin Wang^2,8, Shengli Tang^1,9, Jiaming Fan^2,3, Fugui Zhang^2,3, Yulong Zou^2,3, Dongzhe Song^2,8, Junyi Liao^2,3, Minpeng Lu^2,3, Feng Liu^2,3, Lewis L. Shi², Aravind Athiviraham², Michael J. Lee², Tong-Chuan He^{2, ✉}, Zhonglin Zhang^{2,9, ✉}

1. Department of Neurology, Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan, China
2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
5. Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
7. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital and Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
8. Department of Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;
9. Department of General Surgery, the Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
* Corresponding authors

✉ Corresponding authors: T.-C. He, MD, PhD, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Tel. (773) 702-7169; Fax (773) 834-4598; E-mail: tcheedu. Zhonglin Zhang, MD, PhD, Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China. Tel/Fax: +011-86-27-67812588; E-mail: zhonglinzhangorg More

Abstract

Background: BMPs play important roles in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Using adenovirus-mediated expression of the 14 types of BMPs we demonstrated that BMP9 is one of the most potent BMPs in inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which was undetected in the early studies using recombinant BMP9 proteins. Endogenous BMPs are expressed as a precursor protein that contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a prodomain and a C-terminal mature peptide. Most commercially available recombinant BMP9 proteins are purified from the cells expressing the mature peptide. It is unclear how effectively these recombinant BMP9 proteins functionally recapitulate endogenous BMP9.

Methods: A stable cell line expressing the full coding region of mouse BMP9 was established in HEK-293 cells by using the piggyBac transposon system. The biological activities and stability of the conditioned medium generated from the stable line were analyzed.

Results: The stable HEK-293 line expresses a high level of mouse BMP9. BMP9 conditioned medium (BMP9-cm) was shown to effectively induce osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, to activate BMP-R specific Smad signaling, and to up-regulate downstream target genes in MSCs. The biological activity of BMP9-cm is at least comparable with that induced by AdBMP9 in vitro. Furthermore, BMP9-cm exhibits an excellent stability profile as its biological activity is not affected by long-term storage at -80ºC, repeated thawing cycles, and extended storage at 4ºC.

Conclusions: We have established a producer line that stably expresses a high level of active BMP9 protein. Such producer line should be a valuable resource for generating biologically active BMP9 protein for studying BMP9 signaling mechanism and functions.

Keywords: BMP9, Mesenchymal stem cells, stem cells, osteogenic differentiation, recombinant proteins, conditioned medium

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